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比特派安卓版下载|vowel

作者：比特派安卓版下载

2024-03-13 06:43:41

What Are Vowels? Definition and Examples | Grammarly

Grammarly HomeProductLearnFeaturesProduct DemoTrust & SecurityDownloadDesktopMobileBrowserWorkBy Team SizeEnterpriseTeams & BusinessesIndividualsBy Team FunctionCustomer SupportMarketingITSalesHREducationStudentsInstitutionsPricingResourcesLearnBlogCustomer StoriesBusiness Events & ReportsEducation Events & ReportsSupport CenterToolsAI Writing ToolsGrammar CheckerPlagiarism CheckerParaphrasing ToolContact SalesLog inGet GrammarlyIt's freeGrammarly HomeProductLearnFeaturesProduct DemoTrust & SecurityDownloadDesktopMobileBrowserWorkBy Team SizeEnterpriseTeams & BusinessesIndividualsBy Team FunctionCustomer SupportMarketingITSalesHREducationStudentsInstitutionsPricingResourcesLearnBlogCustomer StoriesBusiness Events & ReportsEducation Events & ReportsSupport CenterToolsAI Writing ToolsGrammar CheckerPlagiarism CheckerParaphrasing ToolGet GrammarlyIt's freeContact SalesLog inGrammarly Blog HomeWritingWriting TipsGrammarStudentsProfessionalsLifestyleProductCompanyGrammarly HomeWritingWriting TipsGrammarStudentsProfessionalsLifestyleProductCompanyGet GrammarlyIt's freeContact SalesLog inWhat Are Vowels? Definition and ExamplesMatt EllisUpdated on November 28, 2022GrammarVowels are letters that represent speech sounds where air leaves the mouth without any blockage by the tongue, lips, or throat. The vowels in the alphabet are a, e, i, o, u, and sometimes y. All other letters in the English alphabet are consonants, which represent speech sounds where air is blocked somehow before leaving the mouth.

Even though they’re only a few letters, vowels are important in spelling, pronunciation, and grammar. Below we explain all the details and rules you need to know, but first let’s take a deeper look at this question: What are vowels?

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What are vowels?

Letters and speech sounds are divided into two categories: sounds where the air is blocked by the lips, tongue, or throat before leaving the mouth and sounds where the air is not blocked. Consonants represent sounds that are blocked; vowels represent sounds that are not blocked.

While consonant sounds are differentiated by how the air is blocked—such as sticking the tongue behind the front teeth for d and t, or closing the lips for b, m, and p—vowel sounds are differentiated by pitch, accent, volume, and duration.

So what are the vowels? The letters a, e, i, o, u—and sometimes y—are vowels. However, some consonants, like h, r, and w, can also make vowel sounds. In grammar, these letters are still considered consonants and don’t follow the vowel rules.

Vowels play a major role in both spelling and grammar. They also have a direct impact on how consonants are used, such as spelling words with double consonants. Consider the difference between hop and hope—which, as present participles, become hopping and hoping. The presence of the silent e at the end changes the rules for how to conjugate certain words.

When do you need a vowel?

Unlike consonants, every word needs at least one vowel. There are a small number of exceptions, which we explain below, but in general, this is the rule. In fact, the shortest words in the English language are one letter, and they’re both vowels: the article a and the pronoun I.

Moreover, every syllable also needs a vowel sound. If a word has more than one syllable, it then needs more than one vowel.

Short vs. long vowels

Even though there are only five (sometimes six) vowels in the alphabet, they can be combined in a variety of ways to change their sounds, which results in more than a dozen distinct vowel sounds in American English. Without getting too confusing, we can divide these vowel sounds into two categories: short vowels and long vowels.

Short vowels are the standard pronunciation of vowels—usually when there is only one vowel in the word—especially in short words.

a as in cat

e as in wet

i as in big

o as in clock

u as in but

Long vowels are a little more complex. Generally, they’re created by combining two vowels, where one is typically silent. Often they’re pronounced like the name of the vowel; for example, the long vowel sound in eat is pronounced like the name of letter e.

a as in cake

e as in street

i as in like

o as in phone

u as in use

These are the basics of vowel pronunciation, but they are also the most common examples. If you can master these vowel sounds, you can master most of the English words you’ll come across, and it will also help your spelling when you write.

Is y a vowel?

When discussing consonants vs. vowels, the letter y causes a lot of confusion. Basically, y can be either a vowel or a consonant, depending on how it’s used.

When y is a consonant, it makes its own distinct sound using the rear of the tongue on the top of the mouth. Think of the pronunciation of words like these:

yellow

boy

gargoyle

However, when y is used as a vowel, it copies either the long or short vowel sound for i or the long vowel sound for e.

my (long i)

shy (long i)

system (short i)

crypt (short i)

lady (long e)

hairy (long e)

Unlike the other consonants, y counts as a vowel; some words only include a y and no other vowels.

Vowel usage

What 5-letter word has the most vowels?

The 5-letter word with the most vowels is Iouea (with a capital i), which uses all the main vowels and no consonants. Iouea is the scientific name for a genus of extinct water sponges.

If you’re asking this question because of Wordle, try adieu, which is an English loan word of 5 letters that contains every vowel except o.

What is assonance?

Assonance is a literary device that uses a series of words with the same vowel sounds. It is the vowel version of consonance, which repeats consonant sounds. Both assonance and consonance are common in works where sound is important, such as poetry, music lyrics, and creative writing. For example, look at this passage from Edgar Allan Poe’s poem “The Raven”:

And the silken, sad, uncertain rustling of each purple curtain

Thrilled me—filled me with fantastic terrors never felt before.

Words like silken, uncertain, and curtain use similar vowel sounds, as do the words terrors, never, and before.

Are there words with no vowels?

There are only a handful of words in English without any proper vowels, and they’re mostly loan words from Welsh. They use a rare vowel form of the letter w that is not usually accepted in English.

crwth—a Welsh violin-like instrument

cwtch—a hiding place

cwm—a hollowed-out area in a mountain

None of these words are common in everyday English, so we advise against using them in your own communication or writing (unless it’s directly related to Wales).

Vowel FAQs

What are vowels?

Vowels are letters representing a speech sound where air leaves the mouth without blockage. In English, the vowels are a, e, i, o, and u, although y can sometimes count as a vowel, too. Vowels are contrasted with consonants, which represent sounds where air is obstructed, such as the closing of the lips for b, m, and p.

What’s the difference between short and long vowels?

The same vowel can make different sounds, depending on whether it’s paired with another vowel. When vowels are used alone in a syllable, they make a short vowel sound, such as the i in big. When vowels are combined with another vowel, typically a silent vowel, they can make a long vowel sound that’s usually pronounced like the letter’s name, such as the ea in eat, which sounds like the name of the letter e.

Is y a vowel?

The letter y can be either a vowel or a consonant, depending on how it’s used. When used as a consonant, such as in yellow or boy, it makes a unique sound using the tongue and the top of the mouth. When it’s used as a vowel, such as in my, system, or lady, it can make either a long i, short i, or long e sound.

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Vowel - Wikipedia

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(Top)

1Definition

2Articulation

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2.1Height

2.2Backness

2.3Roundedness

2.4Front, raised and retracted

2.5Nasalization

2.6Phonation

2.7Tenseness

2.8Tongue root position

2.9Secondary narrowings in the vocal tract

2.9.1Rhotic vowels

2.10Reduced vowels

3Acoustics

4Prosody and intonation

5Monophthongs, diphthongs, triphthongs

6Written vowels

Toggle Written vowels subsection

6.1Shifts

7Audio samples

8Systems

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8.1Words without vowels

8.2Words consisting of only vowels

9See also

10Notes

11References

12Bibliography

13External links

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Vowel

129 languages

AfrikaansAlemannischالعربيةAragonésArmãneashtiArpetanAsturianuАварAzərbaycancaবাংলাBân-lâm-gúБеларускаяБеларуская (тарашкевіца)भोजपुरीBikol CentralБългарскиBoarischབོད་ཡིགBosanskiBrezhonegCatalàЧӑвашлаČeštinaChiShonaCymraegDanskDavvisámegiellaDeutschEestiΕλληνικάEspañolEsperantoEstremeñuEuskaraفارسیFrançaisFryskGàidhligGalego한국어Հայերենहिन्दीHrvatskiIdoBahasa IndonesiaIñupiatunÍslenskaItalianoעבריתJawaKapampanganქართულიҚазақшаKernowekKiswahiliKreyòl ayisyenKurdîКыргызчаLatinaLatviešuLëtzebuergeschLietuviųLigureLimburgsLingálaLingua Franca NovaLugandaLombardMagyarमैथिलीМакедонскиMalagasyമലയാളംमराठीBahasa MelayuМонголမြန်မာဘာသာNederlandsनेपाली日本語ߒߞߏNordfriiskNorsk bokmålNorsk nynorskOccitanOʻzbekcha / ўзбекчаਪੰਜਾਬੀپنجابیپښتوPolskiPortuguêsRomânăRuna SimiРусиньскыйРусскийᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤShqipSicilianuසිංහලSimple EnglishسنڌيSlovenčinaSlovenščinaکوردیСрпски / srpskiSrpskohrvatski / српскохрватскиSundaSuomiSvenskaTagalogதமிழ்TaclḥitไทยТоҷикӣTürkçeTyapУкраїнськаاردوئۇيغۇرچە / UyghurcheVènetoTiếng ViệtVõroWalon文言Winaray吴语ייִדיש粵語中文

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Sound in spoken language, articulated with an open vocal tract

This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (November 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

IPA: Vowels

Front

Central

Back

Near-close

Close-mid

Mid

e̞

ø̞

ɤ̞

o̞

Open-mid

Near-open

Open

IPA help

audio

full chart

template

Legend: unrounded • rounded

This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.

A vowel is a syllabic speech sound pronounced without any stricture in the vocal tract.[1] Vowels are one of the two principal classes of speech sounds, the other being the consonant. Vowels vary in quality, in loudness and also in quantity (length). They are usually voiced and are closely involved in prosodic variation such as tone, intonation and stress.

The word vowel comes from the Latin word vocalis, meaning "vocal" (i.e. relating to the voice).[2]

In English, the word vowel is commonly used to refer both to vowel sounds and to the written symbols that represent them (⟨a⟩, ⟨e⟩, ⟨i⟩, ⟨o⟩, ⟨u⟩, and sometimes ⟨w⟩ and ⟨y⟩).[3]

Definition[edit]

There are two complementary definitions of vowel, one phonetic and the other phonological.

In the phonetic definition, a vowel is a sound, such as the English "ah" /ɑː/ or "oh" /oʊ/, produced with an open vocal tract; it is median (the air escapes along the middle of the tongue), oral (at least some of the airflow must escape through the mouth), frictionless and continuant.[4] There is no significant build-up of air pressure at any point above the glottis. This contrasts with consonants, such as the English "sh" [ʃ], which have a constriction or closure at some point along the vocal tract.

In the phonological definition, a vowel is defined as syllabic, the sound that forms the peak of a syllable.[5] A phonetically equivalent but non-syllabic sound is a semivowel. In oral languages, phonetic vowels normally form the peak (nucleus) of many or all syllables, whereas consonants form the onset and (in languages that have them) coda. Some languages allow other sounds to form the nucleus of a syllable, such as the syllabic (i.e., vocalic) l in the English word table [ˈtʰeɪ.bl̩] (when not considered to have a weak vowel sound: [ˈtʰeɪ.bəl]) or the syllabic r in the Serbo-Croatian word vrt [ʋr̩̂t] "garden".

The phonetic definition of "vowel" (i.e. a sound produced with no constriction in the vocal tract) does not always match the phonological definition (i.e. a sound that forms the peak of a syllable).[6] The approximants [j] and [w] illustrate this: both are without much of a constriction in the vocal tract (so phonetically they seem to be vowel-like), but they occur at the onset of syllables (e.g. in "yet" and "wet") which suggests that phonologically they are consonants. A similar debate arises over whether a word like bird in a rhotic dialect has an r-colored vowel /ɝ/ or a syllabic consonant /ɹ̩/. The American linguist Kenneth Pike (1943) suggested the terms "vocoid" for a phonetic vowel and "vowel" for a phonological vowel,[7] so using this terminology, [j] and [w] are classified as vocoids but not vowels. However, Maddieson and Emmory (1985) demonstrated from a range of languages that semivowels are produced with a narrower constriction of the vocal tract than vowels, and so may be considered consonants on that basis.[8] Nonetheless, the phonetic and phonemic definitions would still conflict for the syllabic /l/ in table or the syllabic nasals in button and rhythm.

Articulation[edit]

X-rays of Daniel Jones' [i, u, a, ɑ].

The original vowel quadrilateral, from Jones' articulation. The vowel trapezoid of the modern IPA, and at the top of this article, is a simplified rendition of this diagram. The bullets are the cardinal vowel points. (A parallel diagram covers the front and central rounded and back unrounded vowels.) The cells indicate the ranges of articulation that could reasonably be transcribed with those cardinal vowel letters, [i, e, ɛ, a, ɑ, ɔ, o, u, ɨ], and non-cardinal [ə]. If a language distinguishes fewer than these vowel qualities, [e, ɛ] could be merged to ⟨e⟩, [o, ɔ] to ⟨o⟩, [a, ɑ] to ⟨a⟩, etc. If a language distinguishes more, ⟨ɪ⟩ could be added where the ranges of [i, e, ɨ, ə] intersect, ⟨ʊ⟩ where [u, o, ɨ, ə] intersect, and ⟨ɐ⟩ where [ɛ, ɔ, a, ɑ, ə] intersect.

The traditional view of vowel production, reflected for example in the terminology and presentation of the International Phonetic Alphabet, is one of articulatory features that determine a vowel's quality as distinguishing it from other vowels. Daniel Jones developed the cardinal vowel system to describe vowels in terms of the features of tongue height (vertical dimension), tongue backness (horizontal dimension) and roundedness (lip articulation). These three parameters are indicated in the schematic quadrilateral IPA vowel diagram on the right. There are additional features of vowel quality, such as the velum position (nasality), type of vocal fold vibration (phonation), and tongue root position.

This conception of vowel articulation has been known to be inaccurate since 1928. Peter Ladefoged has said that "early phoneticians... thought they were describing the highest point of the tongue, but they were not. They were actually describing formant frequencies."[9] (See below.) The IPA Handbook concedes that "the vowel quadrilateral must be regarded as an abstraction and not a direct mapping of tongue position."[10]

Nonetheless, the concept that vowel qualities are determined primarily by tongue position and lip rounding continues to be used in pedagogy, as it provides an intuitive explanation of how vowels are distinguished.

Height[edit]

Theoretically, vowel height refers to the vertical position of either the tongue or the jaw (depending on the model) relative to either the roof of the mouth or the aperture of the jaw. In practice, however, it refers to the first formant (lowest resonance of the voice), abbreviated F1, which is associated with the height of the tongue. In close vowels, also known as high vowels, such as [i] and [u], the first formant is consistent with the tongue being positioned close to the palate, high in the mouth, whereas in open vowels, also known as low vowels, such as [a], F1 is consistent with the jaw being open and the tongue being positioned low in the mouth. Height is defined by the inverse of the F1 value: the higher the frequency of the first formant, the lower (more open) the vowel.[a] In John Esling's usage, where fronted vowels are distinguished in height by the position of the jaw rather than the tongue, only the terms 'open' and 'close' are used, as 'high' and 'low' refer to the position of the tongue.

The International Phonetic Alphabet has letters for six degrees of vowel height for full vowels (plus the reduced mid vowel [ə]), but it is extremely unusual for a language to distinguish this many degrees without other attributes. The IPA letters distinguish:

close (a.k.a. high): i y ɨ ʉ ɯ u

near-close (a.k.a. near-high): ɪ ʏ ʊ

close-mid (a.k.a. high-mid): e ø ɘ ɵ ɤ o

mid: (the reduced vowel [ə])

open-mid (a.k.a. low-mid): ɛ œ ɜ ɞ ʌ ɔ

near-open (a.k.a. near-low): æ (plus the reduced vowel [ɐ])

open (a.k.a. low): a ɶ ɑ ɒ

The letters ⟨e, ø, ɘ, ɵ, ɤ, o⟩ are defined as close-mid but are commonly used for true mid vowels. If more precision is required, true mid vowels may be written with a lowering or raising diacritic: ⟨e̞, ɘ̞, ø̞, ɵ̞, ɤ̞, o̞⟩ or ⟨ɛ̝ œ̝ ɜ̝ ɞ̝ ʌ̝ ɔ̝⟩.

The Kensiu language, spoken in Malaysia and Thailand, is highly unusual in contrasting true mid vowels with both close-mid and open-mid vowels, without any additional parameters such as length, roundness or ATR. The front vowels, /i ɪ e e̞ ɛ/, along with open /a/, make a six-way height distinction; this holds even for the nasal vowels. A few varieties of German have been reported to have five contrastive vowel heights that are independent of length or other parameters. For example, the Bavarian dialect of Amstetten has thirteen long vowels, which have been analyzed as four vowel heights (close, close-mid, mid, open-mid) each among the front unrounded, front rounded, and back rounded vowels, along with an open vowel for a fifth height: /i e ɛ̝ ɛ/, /y ø œ̝ œ/, /u o ɔ̝ ɔ/, /a/. Apart from the aforementioned Kensiu language, no other language is known to contrast more than four degrees of vowel height.

The parameter of vowel height appears to be the primary cross-linguistic feature of vowels in that all spoken languages that have been researched till now use height as a contrastive feature. No other parameter, even backness or rounding (see below), is used in all languages. Some languages have vertical vowel systems in which at least at a phonemic level, only height is used to distinguish vowels.

Backness[edit]

Idealistic tongue positions of cardinal front vowels with highest point indicated.

Vowel backness is named for the position of the tongue during the articulation of a vowel relative to the back of the mouth. As with vowel height, however, it is defined by a formant of the voice, in this case the second, F2, not by the position of the tongue. In front vowels, such as [i], the frequency of F2 is relatively high, which generally corresponds to a position of the tongue forward in the mouth, whereas in back vowels, such as [u], F2 is low, consistent with the tongue being positioned towards the back of the mouth.

The International Phonetic Alphabet defines five degrees of vowel backness:

front

near-front

central

near-back

back

To them may be added front-central and back-central, corresponding to the vertical lines separating central from front and back vowel spaces in several IPA diagrams. However, front-central and back-central may also be used as terms synonymous with near-front and near-back. No language is known to contrast more than three degrees of backness nor is there a language that contrasts front with near-front vowels nor back with near-back ones.

Although some English dialects have vowels at five degrees of backness, there is no known language that distinguishes five degrees of backness without additional differences in height or rounding.

Roundedness[edit]

Main article: Roundedness

Roundedness is named after the rounding of the lips in some vowels. Because lip rounding is easily visible, vowels may be commonly identified as rounded based on the articulation of the lips. Acoustically, rounded vowels are identified chiefly by a decrease in F2, although F1 is also slightly decreased.

In most languages, roundedness is a reinforcing feature of mid to high back vowels rather than a distinctive feature. Usually, the higher a back vowel, the more intense is the rounding. However, in some languages, roundedness is independent from backness, such as French and German (with front rounded vowels), most Uralic languages (Estonian has a rounding contrast for /o/ and front vowels), Turkic languages (with a rounding distinction for front vowels and /u/), and Vietnamese with back unrounded vowels.

Nonetheless, even in those languages there is usually some phonetic correlation between rounding and backness: front rounded vowels tend to be more front-central than front, and back unrounded vowels tend to be more back-central than back. Thus, the placement of unrounded vowels to the left of rounded vowels on the IPA vowel chart is reflective of their position in formant space.

Different kinds of labialization are possible. In mid to high rounded back vowels the lips are generally protruded ("pursed") outward, a phenomenon known as endolabial rounding because the insides of the lips are visible, whereas in mid to high rounded front vowels the lips are generally "compressed" with the margins of the lips pulled in and drawn towards each other, a phenomenon known as exolabial rounding. However, not all languages follow that pattern. Japanese /u/, for example, is an exolabial (compressed) back vowel, and sounds quite different from an English endolabial /u/. Swedish and Norwegian are the only two known languages in which the feature is contrastive; they have both exo- and endo-labial close front vowels and close central vowels, respectively. In many phonetic treatments, both are considered types of rounding, but some phoneticians do not believe that these are subsets of a single phenomenon and posit instead three independent features of rounded (endolabial), compressed (exolabial), and unrounded. The lip position of unrounded vowels may also be classified separately as spread and neutral (neither rounded nor spread).[12] Others distinguish compressed rounded vowels, in which the corners of the mouth are drawn together, from compressed unrounded vowels, in which the lips are compressed but the corners remain apart as in spread vowels.

Front, raised and retracted[edit]

Front, raised and retracted are the three articulatory dimensions of vowel space. Open and close refer to the jaw, not the tongue.

The conception of the tongue moving in two directions, high–low and front–back, is not supported by articulatory evidence and does not clarify how articulation affects vowel quality. Vowels may instead be characterized by the three directions of movement of the tongue from its neutral position: front (forward), raised (upward and back), and retracted (downward and back). Front vowels ([i, e, ɛ] and, to a lesser extent [ɨ, ɘ, ɜ, æ], etc.), can be secondarily qualified as close or open, as in the traditional conception, but this refers to jaw rather than tongue position. In addition, rather than there being a unitary category of back vowels, the regrouping posits raised vowels, where the body of the tongue approaches the velum ([u, o, ɨ], etc.), and retracted vowels, where the root of the tongue approaches the pharynx ([ɑ, ɔ], etc.):

front

raised

retracted

Membership in these categories is scalar, with the mid-central vowels being marginal to any category.[13]

Nasalization[edit]

Main articles: Nasal vowel and Nasalization

Nasalization occurs when air escapes through the nose. Vowels are often nasalised under the influence of neighbouring nasal consonants, as in English hand [hæ̃nd]. Nasalised vowels, however, should not be confused with nasal vowels. The latter refers to vowels that are distinct from their oral counterparts, as in French /ɑ/ vs. /ɑ̃/.[14]

In nasal vowels, the velum is lowered, and some air travels through the nasal cavity as well as the mouth. An oral vowel is a vowel in which all air escapes through the mouth. Polish and Portuguese also contrast nasal and oral vowels.

Phonation[edit]

Main article: Phonation

Voicing describes whether the vocal cords are vibrating during the articulation of a vowel. Most languages have only voiced vowels, but several Native American languages, such as Cheyenne and Totonac, contrast voiced and devoiced vowels. Vowels are devoiced in whispered speech. In Japanese and in Quebec French, vowels that are between voiceless consonants are often devoiced.

Modal voice, creaky voice, and breathy voice (murmured vowels) are phonation types that are used contrastively in some languages. Often, they co-occur with tone or stress distinctions; in the Mon language, vowels pronounced in the high tone are also produced with creaky voice. In such cases, it can be unclear whether it is the tone, the voicing type, or the pairing of the two that is being used for phonemic contrast. The combination of phonetic cues (phonation, tone, stress) is known as register or register complex.

Tenseness[edit]

Main articles: Tenseness and Checked and free vowels

Tenseness is used to describe the opposition of tense vowels vs. lax vowels. This opposition has traditionally been thought to be a result of greater muscular tension, though phonetic experiments have repeatedly failed to show this.[citation needed]

Unlike the other features of vowel quality, tenseness is only applicable to the few languages that have this opposition (mainly Germanic languages, e.g. English), whereas the vowels of the other languages (e.g. Spanish) cannot be described with respect to tenseness in any meaningful way.[citation needed]

One may distinguish the English tense vs. lax vowels roughly, with its spelling. Tense vowels usually occur in words with the final silent ⟨e⟩, as in mate. Lax vowels occur in words without the silent ⟨e⟩, such as mat. In American English, lax vowels [ɪ, ʊ, ɛ, ʌ, æ] do not appear in stressed open syllables.[15]

In traditional grammar, long vowels vs. short vowels are more commonly used, compared to tense and lax. The two sets of terms are used interchangeably by some because the features are concomitant in some varieties of English.[clarification needed] In most Germanic languages, lax vowels can only occur in closed syllables. Therefore, they are also known as checked vowels, whereas the tense vowels are called free vowels since they can occur in any kind of syllable.[citation needed]

Tongue root position[edit]

Main articles: Advanced and retracted tongue root and Vowel harmony

Advanced tongue root (ATR) is a feature common across much of Africa, the Pacific Northwest, and scattered other languages such as Modern Mongolian.[16] The contrast between advanced and retracted tongue root resembles the tense-lax contrast acoustically, but they are articulated differently. Those vowels involve noticeable tension in the vocal tract.

Secondary narrowings in the vocal tract[edit]

Main article: Pharyngealization

Pharyngealized vowels occur in some languages like Sedang and the Tungusic languages. Pharyngealisation is similar in articulation to retracted tongue root but is acoustically distinct.

A stronger degree of pharyngealisation occurs in the Northeast Caucasian languages and the Khoisan languages. They might be called epiglottalized since the primary constriction is at the tip of the epiglottis.

The greatest degree of pharyngealisation is found in the strident vowels of the Khoisan languages, where the larynx is raised, and the pharynx constricted, so that either the epiglottis or the arytenoid cartilages vibrate instead of the vocal cords.

The terms pharyngealized, epiglottalized, strident, and sphincteric are sometimes used interchangeably.

Rhotic vowels[edit]

Main article: R-colored vowel

Rhotic vowels are the "R-colored vowels" of American English and a few other languages.

Reduced vowels[edit]

Main article: Vowel reduction

Common reduced vowels(IPA provides only ⟨ə⟩ and ⟨ɐ⟩)

Near-front

Central

Near-back

Near-close

ᵻ

ᵿ

Mid

Near-open

Some languages, such as English and Russian, have what are called 'reduced', 'weak' or 'obscure' vowels in some unstressed positions. These do not correspond one-to-one with the vowel sounds that occur in stressed position (so-called 'full' vowels), and they tend to be mid-centralized in comparison, as well as having reduced rounding or spreading. The IPA has long provided two letters for obscure vowels, mid ⟨ə⟩ and lower ⟨ɐ⟩, neither of which are defined for rounding. Dialects of English may have up to four phonemic reduced vowels: /ɐ/, /ə/, and higher unrounded /ᵻ/ and rounded /ᵿ/. (The non-IPA letters ⟨ᵻ⟩ and ⟨ᵿ⟩ may be used for the latter to avoid confusion with the clearly defined values of IPA letters like ⟨ɨ⟩ and ⟨ɵ⟩, which are also seen, since the IPA only provides for two reduced vowels.)

Acoustics[edit]

Vowel - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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1Monophthongs and diphthongs

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Vowel

129 languages

AfrikaansAlemannischالعربيةAragonésArmãneashtiArpetanAsturianuАварAzərbaycancaবাংলাBân-lâm-gúБеларускаяБеларуская (тарашкевіца)भोजपुरीBikol CentralБългарскиBoarischབོད་ཡིགBosanskiBrezhonegCatalàЧӑвашлаČeštinaChiShonaCymraegDanskDavvisámegiellaDeutschEestiΕλληνικάEnglishEspañolEsperantoEstremeñuEuskaraفارسیFrançaisFryskGàidhligGalego한국어Հայերենहिन्दीHrvatskiIdoBahasa IndonesiaIñupiatunÍslenskaItalianoעבריתJawaKapampanganქართულიҚазақшаKernowekKiswahiliKreyòl ayisyenKurdîКыргызчаLatinaLatviešuLëtzebuergeschLietuviųLigureLimburgsLingálaLingua Franca NovaLugandaLombardMagyarमैथिलीМакедонскиMalagasyമലയാളംमराठीBahasa MelayuМонголမြန်မာဘာသာNederlandsनेपाली日本語ߒߞߏNordfriiskNorsk bokmålNorsk nynorskOccitanOʻzbekcha / ўзбекчаਪੰਜਾਬੀپنجابیپښتوPolskiPortuguêsRomânăRuna SimiРусиньскыйРусскийᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤShqipSicilianuසිංහලسنڌيSlovenčinaSlovenščinaکوردیСрпски / srpskiSrpskohrvatski / српскохрватскиSundaSuomiSvenskaTagalogதமிழ்TaclḥitไทยТоҷикӣTürkçeTyapУкраїнськаاردوئۇيغۇرچە / UyghurcheVènetoTiếng ViệtVõroWalon文言Winaray吴语ייִדיש粵語中文

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From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

A vowel is a particular kind of speech sound made by changing the shape of the upper vocal tract, or the area in the mouth above the tongue. In English it is important to know that there is a difference between a vowel sound and a [letter] in the [alphabet]. In English there are five vowel letters in the alphabet.

The sounds of American English are written with letters in the English alphabet, as either vowels or consonants. All English words are written with vowel letters in them.

These letters are vowels in English:

A, E, I, O, U, and sometimes and Y.[1]

It is said that Y is "sometimes" a vowel, because the letter Y represents both vowel and consonant sounds. In the words cry, sky, fly, my and why, letter Y represents the vowel sound /aɪ/. In words like myth and synchronize, Y represents the vowel sound /ɪ/. In words like only, quickly, and folly, Y represents the vowel sound /i/.

It can also be a consonant sound called a glide as in the beginning of these words: yellow, yacht, yam, yesterday. Y is a consonant about 2.5% of the time, and a vowel about 97.5% of the time.[2]

The letter W can sometimes be the second part of a vowel sound as in words like such as cow, bow, or how. In these words the vowel has the sound of /aʊ/. The letter W can be used as a consonant sound at the beginning of in the words when, where, wet. In some languages, like Welsh, the letter W represents the vowel sound /ʊ/, like cwm (a kind of valley).

In written English the six vowel letters are used to represent the 13-15 vowel sounds (depending on the variety) in English.[3] This means there are many more vowel sounds than letters in the English alphabet, and the English spelling systems doesn't always help us figure out what the English sounds are. This can be confusing.

The rest of the letters of the alphabet are consonants:

B, C, D, F, G, H, J, K, L, M, N, P, Q, R, S, T, V, W, X, and Z.

Monophthongs and diphthongs[change | change source]

Simple vowels are called monophthongs. The letters, like /ɪ/, are the IPA letters for each vowel sound in English. (The IPA is the International Phonetic Alphabet). In the IPA, each symbol represents a different sound, so using the IPA is helpful in pronouncing words.

Common monophthongs in English (these are for General American English) include:

/i/ as in police, feet, eat, and silly

/ɪ/ as in it, sit, kick, myth and bitter

/ɛ/ as in end, bet, less, and letter

/æ/ as in at, apple, fat, and matter

/u/ as in cool, tune, soup, and kung fu,

/ʊ/ as in cook, should, pudding, foot, and rook

/ʌ/ as in bus, blood, come, and up

/ə/ as in kingdom, photography, philosophy, ketchup, and hundred

/ɚ/ as in butter, collar, flavor, firm, and burst

/ɔ/ as in all, fought, hot, and bot

/ɑ/ as in father, walk, arm, heart, wasp, lager, envelope and aardvark

Diphthongs are a combination of two different vowel sounds, one vowel sounds turns into another sound as you say them. If you pronounce the words below slowly, you can hear the two vowel sounds of the diphthongs.

Common diphthongs in English include:

/eɪ/ as in ate, reign, vain, flavor, slay, and convey

/oʊ/ as in toe, row, go, boat, mode, and chateau

/aɪ/ as in eye, I, pie, cry, cypher, climb, lime, light, kayak, Thai, and height

/aʊ/ as in loud, house, cow, about, Daoism, and Macau

/oɪ/ as in boy, moist, and Freud

Like other languages, there are many dialects of English, and different dialects often use different vowel sounds. But the IPA symbols can tell us which vowel sound a dialects uses. For example, some American English speakers differentiate between the vowels in the words cot and caught, while in other dialects these words are homophones. People who study the differences between the dialects of English often study the different way vowel sounds are pronounced.

The difference between the way English is spelled and the way the words are pronounced came about because all languages change, so spoken English changes, but the spelling system does not.

The study of speech sounds is called phonetics.

Related pages[change | change source]

Orthography

Dialect

Diphthong

References[change | change source]

↑ "Is It True "W" Can Be Used As A Vowel?". Dictionary.com. 8 December 2020. Retrieved 31 October 2023.

↑ Edward Fry (2004). "Phonics: A Large Phoneme-Grapheme Frequency Count Revised". Journal of Literacy Research. 36 (1): 85–98. doi:10.1207/s15548430jlr3601_5. S2CID 146226795.

↑ Crystal, David 1995. The Cambridge encyclopedia of the English language. Cambridge. p237

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Category: Vowels

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English (UK)

English

Meaning of vowel in English

vowelnoun [ C ] uk

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/vaʊəl/ us

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/vaʊəl/

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B1 a speech sound produced by humans when the breath flows out through the mouth without being blocked by the teeth, tongue, or lips: A short vowel is a short sound as in the word "cup". A long vowel is a long sound as in the word "shoe". Compare

consonant

B1 a letter that represents a sound produced in this way: The vowels in English are a, e, i, o, and u.

SMART Vocabulary: related words and phrases

Linguistics: phonology & phonetics

accommodation

alliterative

alveolar

apheresis

aphesis

assonance

diphthong

intrusive

labial

labialize

labiodental

mispronounce

plosive

postalveolar

postconsonantal

retroflex

rhotic

the International Phonetic Alphabet

unpronounceable

unrepeatable

See more results »

You can also find related words, phrases, and synonyms in the topics:

Lettering & alphabets

(Definition of vowel from the Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary & Thesaurus © Cambridge University Press)

vowel | American Dictionary

vowelnoun [ C ] us

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/ˈvɑʊ·əl/

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writing a speech sound produced by human beings when the breath flows out through the mouth without being blocked by the teeth, tongue, or lips

writing A vowel is also a letter that represents a sound produced in this way: The vowels in English are a, e, i, o, u, and sometimes y.

(Definition of vowel from the Cambridge Academic Content Dictionary © Cambridge University Press)

Examples of vowel

vowel

The asymmetrical pattern, where high vowels follow nonhigh vowels, is worth additional discussion.

From the Cambridge English Corpus

His spellings give clear evidence of the variation in his own speech, with raised, unraised and even lowered equivalents of the short front vowels.

From the Cambridge English Corpus

To adopt such an idea would simplify the teaching of the vowels to learners, since you could absorb these so-called diphthongs into the simple system.

From the Cambridge English Corpus

They are words that have partial or complete reduplication of consonants and\or vowels and do not contain any consonant clusters.

From the Cambridge English Corpus

Target syllables with short vowels represented 42 % of the total number of closed target syllables.

From the Cambridge English Corpus

If there was no identifiable release burst, the low amplitude cyclic pattern occurring between the stop's preceding and following vowels was measured.

From the Cambridge English Corpus

There were no differences in high-front, high-back, and mid-back vowels.

From the Cambridge English Corpus

Superfluous vowels were ignored in this scoring system.

From the Cambridge English Corpus

Production of full vowels represents feature number (1) but neither (2) nor (3).

From the Cambridge English Corpus

Very frequently, these little words are attached as clitics to the preceding or following word, which makes them phonetically indistinguishable from epenthetic vowels.

From the Cambridge English Corpus

Hence, we decided to categorize all instances of extra vowels at the end of a noun as ambiguous.

From the Cambridge English Corpus

We refer mainly to vowels in monosyllabic words but extend the discussion to disyllabic words later on.

From the Cambridge English Corpus

We, thus, leave open whether long and short vowels are represented differently at this earliest stage.

From the Cambridge English Corpus

Target words containing short vowels and /l/ codas were produced as open syllables with diphthongs.

From the Cambridge English Corpus

The younger talkers tended to produce vowels that showed the length contrast less clearly than the older talkers.

From the Cambridge English Corpus

See all examples of vowel

These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors.

Collocations with vowel

vowel

These are words often used in combination with vowel.Click on a collocation to see more examples of it.

front vowelMany readers will no doubt wonder if */x/ can also precede a front vowel.

From the Cambridge English Corpus

lax vowelIn particular, the analysis cannot in itself explain why there is vowel insertion after stops following a lax vowel.

From the Cambridge English Corpus

long vowelAs a result, the reduplicant contains a long vowel on the surface.

From the Cambridge English Corpus

See all collocations with vowel

What is the pronunciation of vowel?

B1,B1

Translations of vowel

in Chinese (Traditional)

母音, 母音字母…

in Chinese (Simplified)

元音, 元音字母…

in Spanish

vocal, vocal [feminine, singular]…

in Portuguese

vogal, vogal [feminine]…

in more languages

in Japanese

in Turkish

in French

in Catalan

in Dutch

in Danish

in Swedish

in Malay

in German

in Norwegian

in Ukrainian

in Russian

in Arabic

in Czech

in Indonesian

in Thai

in Vietnamese

in Polish

in Korean

in Italian

母音, 母音（ぼいん）…

ünlü/sesli harf, ünlü, ünlüler…

voyelle [feminine], voyelle…

vocal…

klinker…

vokal, vokallyd…

vokal, vokalljud…

vokal…

der Vokal, der Selbstlaut, Vokal-……

vokal [masculine], vokal, vokal(lyd)…

голосна буква, голосний звук…

гласный звук…

حَرْف مُتَحَرِّك…

samohláska…

huruf hidup, suara hidup…

เสียงสระ, อักษรแทนเสียงสระ…

nguyên âm, âm nguyên âm…

samogłoska…

모음…

vocale…

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What is a Vowel? Definition, Examples of English Vowels

Home » The Writer’s Dictionary » What is a Vowel? Definition, Examples of English Vowels

Vowel definition: A vowel is a sound produced with a comparatively open configuration of the vocal tract. In everyday language, a vowel is a letter (sound) of the English alphabet that is not a consonant.

What is a Vowel?

A vowel is most often identified as a letter that is not a consonant. More specifically, a vowel is a sound that when paired with a consonant makes a syllable.

A vowel is any sound that a letter makes that is not a consonant sound.

What are the vowels? There are five English vowels,

A, E, I, O, U.

Sometimes, Y can also function as a vowel, but it is not considered a vowel in and of itself.

Examples in Words:

cat

“a” is a vowel in this word

street

“e” and “e” are vowels in this word

late

“a” and “e” are vowels in this word

Vowels and Consonants

Vowels and consonants are two different sounds. A consonant is most often identified as a letter that is not a vowel.

English consonants are: B, C, D, F, G, H, J, K, L, M, N, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y (sometimes), Z.

Consonants and vowels do not make syllables on their own. A vowel paired with a consonant makes a syllable.

Example of consonants in words:

bin

“b” and “n” are the consonants in this word

stool

“s,” “t,” and “l” are the consonants in this word

chair

“c,” “h,” and “r” are the consonants in this word

Forming Syllables

A syllable is a unit of sound that creates meaning in language. Vowels alone do not make syllables. Instead, they pair with consonants to create what we know as syllables.

Syllables can have more than one letter. However, a syllable cannot have more than one sound.

Furthermore, syllables can have more than one vowel and more than one consonant. Still, a syllable cannot have more than one consonant or vowel sound.

Examples of syllables in words will help clarify this concept.

Examples:

tree

one syllable

two consonants “t” and “r” “w” and two vowels “e” and “e”

holy

two syllables

“ho”: one consonant “h” plus one vowel “o”

“ly”: one consonant “l” plus one vowel “y”

example

three syllables

“ex”: one vowel “e” plus one consonant “x”

“am”: one vowel “a” plus one consonant “m”

“ple” : two consonants “p” and “l” plus one vowel “e”

lake

one syllable

two consonants “l” “k” plus one two vowels “a” and “e”

Literary Devices That Use Vowels

The sound that vowels make is used to create a literary device called assonance. Assonance is the repetition of vowel sounds within nearby words.

Assonance is often used in poetry when writers use sound to create meaning.

It is important to note that assonance is not rhyme.

Example of Assonance:

the green tree bleeds its honeyed sap

the repetition of the long “e” sound in the words “green,” “tree,” and “bleeds” creates assonance

The following is an example of assonance from Edgar Allan Poe’s poem “The Bells”

Hear the sledges with the bells—

Silver bells!

What a world of merriment their melody foretells!

In these lines, Poe use the short “e” sound to create assonance. Here is another look at the lines with the terms that create assonance underlined.

Hear the sledges with the bells—

Silver bells!

What a world of merriment their melody foretells!

Poe uses the words of this poem to reinforce the sound of the bells. He selects words specifically to sound as though the poem itself is making bell-like noises.

The assonance reinforces the melody of the bells themselves.

Consequently, writers should only use assonance when they understand its purpose. Like any literary device, assonance should connect to meaning and be used with intention.

Summary: What are Vowels?

Define vowel: the definition of vowel is a speech sound produced without blocking the breath channel; anything that is not a consonant.

In summary, a vowel is:

not a consonant

A, E, I, O, U, (and sometimes Y)

paired with a consonant to make a syllable

used to create the literary device assonance

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Award versus Reward

Awhile versus A While

Aww versus Awe

Backup versus Back up

Backward versus Backwards

Backyard versus Back Yard

Bad versus Badly

Bad rap versus Bad rep

Barbecue versus Barbeque

Bass versus Base

Bearing versus Baring

Because versus Since

Bedpost versus Bed Post

Behavior versus Behaviour

Believes versus Beliefs

Below versus Bellows

Bent versus Bended

Beside versus Besides

Between versus Among

Biannual versus Semiannual

Bi-weekly versus Semi-weekly

Binded versus Bound

Bingeing versus Binging

Bit versus Bitten

Blatant versus Flagrant

Blimp versus Zeppelin

Blond versus Blonde

Bourgeois versus Bourgeoisie

Breach versus Breech

Break versus Brake

Brief versus Debrief

Brick and Mortar versus Brick and Morter

Bring versus Take

Broach versus Brooch

Broth versus Stock

Brung versus Brought

Buck Naked versus Butt Naked

Buildup versus Build up

Bunny versus Rabbit

Burst versus Bursted

Buses versus Busses

Buy versus Bye versus By

By Accident versus On Accident

Cactuses versus Cacti

Caddie versus Caddy

Calvary versus Cavalry

Camaraderie versus Comradery

Can versus May

Canceled versus Cancelled

Canon vs. Cannon

Capability versus Ability

Capital versus Capitol

Cappuccino versus Latte

Cardinal Numbers versus Ordinal Numbers

Case in Point versus Case and Point

Cast versus Casted

Catalog versus Catalogue

Center versus Centre

Certificate versus Diploma versus Degree

Charley Horse versus Charlie Horse

Check in versus Check-in

Checkout versus Check out

Checkup versus Check up

Childcare versus Child Care

Choir versus Chorus

Choose vs. Chose

Cite versus Site versus Sight

Cleanup versus Clean up

Client versus Customer

Climatic versus Climactic

Cloth versus Clothes

Co-operate versus Cooperate

Co-Worker versus Coworker

Coca versus Cocoa

Cocoa versus Cacao

Cold versus Flu

Coleslaw versus Coldslaw

Coliseum versus Colosseum

Collaborate versus Corroborate

Collectable versus Collectible

College versus University

Competence versus Competency

Compliment versus Complement

Comprise versus Compose

Conscience versus Conscious

Consignor versus Consignee

Contagious versus Infectious

Contiguous versus Continuous

Continually versus Continuously

Convince versus Persuade

Copywritten versus Copyrighted

Cord versus Chord

Corn Flour versus Corn Meal

Correspondence versus Correspondance

Could Have versus Could Of

Could versus Would

Counselling versus Counseling

Counselor versus Councilor

Cozy versus Cosy

Crayfish versus Crawfish

Creek versus Crick

Criticise versus Criticize

Current versus Currant

Curricula versus Curriculum

Dairy versus Diary

Dam versus Damn

Deceased versus Diseased

Defendant versus Plaintiff

Depository versus Repository

Device versus Devise

Dialog versus Dialogue

Dice versus Die

Different From versus Different Than

Diner versus Dinner

Disc versus Disk

Discreet versus Discrete

Disinterested versus Uninterested

Disorganized versus Unorganized

Disperse versus Disburse

Dissatisfied versus Unsatisfied

DNA versus RNS

Do versus Due

Doughnut versus Donut

Drank versus Drunk

Draught versus Draft

Dreamed versus Dreamt

Drier versus Dryer

Drop off versus Drop-off

Duplicate versus Replicate

Dwarfs versus Dwarves

Dying versus Dieing

Eatable versus Edible

Effective versus Efficient

Efficacy versus Efficiency

Efficiency versus Effectiveness

Either versus Neither

Elder versus Older

Elegy versus Eulogy

Elfs versus Elves

Elicit versus Illicit

E-mail versus Email

Embed versus Imbed

Emigrate versus Immigrate

Eminent versus Imminent

Emoji versus Emoticon

Empathy versus Sympathy

Emphasise versus Emphasize

En route versus In route

Encase versus Incase

Enclosed versus Inclosed

Endeavors versus Endeavours

Endemic versus Epidemic

Endorsement versus Indorsement

Engrained versus Ingrained

Enrolment versus Enrollment

Ensure versus Insure versus Assure

Entitled versus Titled

Envelop versus Envelope

Envision versus Invision

Equal versus Equitable

Ethics versus Morals

Everyday vs Every Day

Everyone or Every One

Evoke versus Invoke

Excretion versus Secretion

Expiry versus Expiration

Expresso versus Espresso

Extortion versus Blackmail

Fair versus Fare

Favorite versus Favourite

Feed versus Fed

Fewer versus Less

Fiancé versus Fiancée

Fiber versus Fibre

Fillet versus Filet

Firsthand versus First-hand

Fit versus Fitted

Flair versus Flare

Flammable versus Inflammable

Flesh out versus Flush out

Flier versus Flyer

Founder versus Flounder

Flutist versus Flautist

Flys versus Flies

Followup versus Follow-up

Follow-up versus Follow up

Foolproof versus Fullproof

Forgo versus Forego

Former versus Latter

Formulas versus Formulae

Forth versus Fourth

Foul versus Fowl

Fulfil versus Fulfill

Further versus Farther

Glamor versus Glamour

Got versus Gotten

Grill versus Grille

Gross versus Net

Guarantee versus Guaranty

Gluing versus Glueing

Grey versus Gray

Hale versus Hail

Half-Mast versus Half-Staff

Hands-on versus Hands on

Hanged versus Hung

Hanger versus Hangar

Harbor versus Harbour

Hare versus Rabbit

Healthcare versus Health Care

Heard versus Herd

Hearty versus Hardy

Heel versus Heal

Height versus Heighth

Here versus Hear

Hers versus Her’s

Heyday versus Hayday

Hillbilly versus Redneck

Himself versus Him self

Himself versus Hisself

Historic versus Historical

Hoard versus Horde

Holistic versus Wholistic

Homogenous versus Homogeneous

Hoofs versus Hooves

Hopping versus Hoping

Humor versus Humour

Hurray versus Hooray

Hypo versus Hyper

Ignorant versus Stupid

In Regard To versus In Regards To

Illegal versus Illicit

Illegible versus Unreadable

Illusion versus Delusion

Imaginative versus Imaginary

Immanent versus Imminent

Implicit versus Explicit

Imply versus Infer

Impostor versus Imposter

In Process versus In Progress

Inalienable versus Unalienable

Incase versus In Case

Incident versus Incidence

Indexes versus Indices

Induce versus Deduce

Inquiry versus Enquiry

Instill versus Instil

Instillation versus Installation

Inter versus Intra

Into versus In to

Invaluable versus Valuable

Its versus It’s

Jail versus Gaol

Jealousy versus Envy

Jewelry versus Jewellery

Jibe versus Jive

Judgment versus Judgement

Jury-rigged versus Jerry-rigged

Kickoff versus Kick Off

Knight versus Night

Knitted versus Knit

Ladder versus Latter

Laid out versus Layed out

Lasagna versus Lasagne

Latitude versus Longitude

Layout versus Lay out

Lead versus Lede

Leant versus Leaned

Leery versus Leary

Led versus Lead

Leftover versus Left over

Lens versus Lense

Lent versus Lended

Lessee versus Lessor

Lie versus Lye

Lifes versus Lives

Lifetime versus Life time

Likable versus Likeable

Linchpin versus Lynchpin

Literally versus Figuratively

Loathe versus Loath

Lose versus Loose versus Loosen

Lovable versus Loveable

Make Do versus Make Due

Makeup versus Make up

Material versus Materiel

Macro versus Micro

Master versus Mister

Math versus Maths

May versus Might

MD versus DO

Me versus Mine

Me versus Myself

Metal versus Medal

Miniscule versus Minuscule

Mischievous versus Mischievious

Miss versus Mrs.

Mistrust versus Distrust

Modeling versus Modelling

Mom versus Mum

Monies versus Moneys

Monologue versus Soliloquy

Movable versus Moveable

Ms. versus Mrs

Mute versus Moot

Naught versus Nought

Neigbors versus Neighbors

Nerve-Racking versus Nerve-Wracking

Nevermind versus Never Mind

Ninety versus Ninty

No Later Than versus No Later Then

Not Surprisingly versus Not Surprising

Obliged versus Obligated

Offence versus Offense

Oftentimes versus Often times

Old-Fashioned versus Old-Fashioned

Omelet versus Omelette

Onboard versus On Board

Oneself versus One’s Self

Online versus On-Line

Onto versus On to

Ordnance versus Ordinance

Organization versus Organisation

Oriented versus Orientated

Orthopedic versus Orthopaedic

Overnight versus Over Night

Over Time versus Overtime

Pajamas versus Pyjamas

Passed versus Past

Passersby versus Passerbys

Patience versus Patients

Payed versus Paid

Peak versus Peek versus Pique

Peal versus Peel

Personal versus Personnel

Phenomenon versus Phenomena

Piece of Mind versus Peace of Mind

Pickup versus Pick Up

Plain versus Plane

Plow versus Plough

Polygamy versus Polygyny

Port versus Starboard

Potatoes versus Potatos

Pray versus Prey

Precede versus Proceed

Precedence versus Precedent

Premier versus Premiere

Presume versus Assume

Pretense versus Pretence

Preventive versus Preventative

Prior versus Previous

Principal versus Principle

Prone versus Supine

Proof versus Prove

Protagonist versus Antagonist

Proved versus Proven

Psychology versus Psychiatry

Psychopath versus Sociopath

Purposefully versus Purposely

Race versus Ethnicity

Rational versus Rationale

Read versus Read

Recognise versus Recognize

Regimen versus Regiment

Remuneration versus Renumeration

Renounce versus Denounce

Repression versus Suppression

Resilience versus Resiliency

Rite versus Right

Road versus Rode

Role Call versus Roll Call

Roll Out versus Rollout

Roofs versus Rooves

Saviour versus Savior

Scared versus Scarred

Scissor versus Scissors

Seam versus Seem

Segway versus Segue

Sensuous versus Sensual

Setup versus Set up

Shelf versus Shelve

Shoo-in versus Shoe-in

Shudder versus Shutter

Sightseeing versus Site Seeing

Sizable versus Sizeable

Skeleton versus Luge

Skillset versus Skill Set

Smartphone versus Smart phone

Smooth versus Smoothe

Sneaked versus Snuck

Someone versus Somebody

Something versus Some Thing

Sometimes versus Some Times

Sore versus Soar

Spatter versus Splatter

Specialty versus Speciality

Spectre versus Specter

Spelling of Pillow

Spelt versus Spelled

Spoiled versus Spoilt

Spread versus Spreaded

Stayed versus Staid

Standalone versus Stand alone

Stank versus Stunk

State of the Art versus State-of-the-Art

Stationary versus Stationery

Steer Clear versus Stear Clear

Stent versus Stint

Summery versus Summary

Supersede versus Supercede

Suppose versus Supposed

Strove versus Strived

Supper versus Dinner

Supposedly versus Supposably

Sweeped versus Swept

Systemic versus Systematic

Talk to versus Talk with

Tee shirt versus T-Shirt

Tenants versus Tenets

Theatre versus Theater

Themselves versus Theirselves

Then versus Than

There versus Their versus They’re

Therefor versus Therefore

They versus Them

Threw versus Through

Thru versus Through

Tomatos versus Tomatoes

To versus Too versus Two

To Long versus Too Long

Too Hard versus To Hard

Too Much versus To Much

Too Much to Bear versus Too Much to Bare

Touch Base versus Touch Bases

Tire versus Tyre

Tough versus Tuff

Trainer versus Trainor

Travelling versus Traveling

Trawling versus Trolling

Truely versus Truly

Trust versus Mistrust

Underway versus Under way

Until versus Till

Up to Date versus Up-to-Date

Upmost versus Utmost

Valentines Day versus Valentine’s Day

Venomous versus Poisonous

Voicemail versus Voice mail

Wack versus Whack

Waive versus Waver

Ware versus Wear

Was versus Were

We versus Us

Webpage versus Website

Website versus Web Site

Wellbeing versus Well-being

Where versus Were versus Wear

Whether versus Weather

Which versus That

While versus Whilst

Whiney versus Whiny

Who versus Whom

Widow versus Widower

Will versus Would

With Regard to versus With Regards to

Woe is Me versus Who is Me

Workout versus Work out

Work in Progress versus Work in Process

Worse versus Worst

Yay versus Nay

Your versus You’re

Youth versus Youths

Bail versus Bale

Breakdown versus Break Down

Borne versus Born

Photoshoot versus Photo Shoot

Armor versus Armour

Cannot versus Can not

Run Amok versus Run Amuck

Objective versus Subjective

Lets versus Let’s

New versus Knew

Root versus Route

Sank versus Sunk

Separate versus Seperate

Serigraph versus Lithograph

Sulfur versus Sulphur

Story versus Storey

Mucus versus Mucous

Nowadays versus Now a Days

Calfs versus Calves

Toward versus Towards

Is versus Are

Used to versus Use to

Quite versus Quiet

Mantel versus Mantle

Licence versus License

Leapt versus Leaped

Learned versus Learnt

Honor versus Honour

Foreword versus Forward

Tide versus Tied

Lier versus Liar

Council versus Counsel

Clip versus Magazine

Carmel versus Caramel

Prognosis versus Diagnosis

Benefited versus Benefitted

Mold versus Mould

Faze versus Phase

Suit versus Suite

Defuse versus Diffuse

Amoral versus Immoral

Home in versus Hone in

Already versus All ready

Compare to versus Compare with

Proscribe versus Prescribe

Rime versus Rhyme

Maybe versus May Be

Moral versus Morale

Sole versus Soul

Steal versus Steel

Stalactite versus Stalagmite

Lite versus Light

Loan versus Lend

Liquor versus Liqueur

Not-for-profit versus Nonprofit

Moslem versus Muslim

Course versus Coarse

Baptised versus Baptized

Practice versus Practise

Are versus Our

Much versus Many

Gases versus Gasses

Artefact versus Artifact

Grammar versus Grammer

Nobody versus No One

Reel versus Real

Smokey versus Smoky

Labeled versus Labelled

Totaled versus Totalled

Lath versus Lathe

Fish versus Fishes

Strait versus Straight

Scarfs versus Scarves

Coma versus Comma

Yogurt versus Yoghurt

Yoke versus Yolk

Waste versus Waist

Per cent versus Percent

Octopuses versus Octopi

Sherbet versus Sherbert

Cue versus Queue

Maize versus Maze

Vain versus Vein

Recur versus Reoccur

Empathic versus Empathetic

In Spite versus Despite

Labor versus Labour

Shined versus Shone

Spilled versus Spilt

Yea versus Yeah

Ton versus Tonne

Til versus Till

Alone versus Lonely

Presents versus Presence

Someday versus Some Day

Dependent versus Dependant

Weary versus Wary

Color versus Colour

Verbage versus Verbiage

Reckless versus Wreckless

Regime versus Regimen

Wonder versus Wander

Person versus People

Mustache versus Moustache

Role versus Roll

Persons versus People

Concave versus Convex

Allusion versus Illusion

Pleaded versus Pled

Prospective versus Perspective

Program versus Programme

Lighted versus Lit

Racket versus Racquet

Dragged versus Drug

Ax versus Axe

Gist versus Jist

Dual versus Duel

Dived versus Dove

Favor versus Favour

Forty versus Fourty

Sang versus Sung

Inequity versus Inequality

Noone versus No one

Translucent versus Transparent

Subconscious versus Unconscious

Apologise versus Apologize

Burnt versus Burned

Cheque versus Check

Free rein versus Free reign

Began versus Begun

Year Old versus Year-Old

Pass time versus Pastime

Is Is a Verb?

Angel versus Angle

Bear with me versus Bare with me

Deep-Seated versus Deep-Seeded

Criteria versus Criterion

Greatful versus Grateful

Breath versus Breathe

Nauseous versus Nauseated

Slander versus Libel

Bear versus Bare

Loss versus Lost

Lightning versus Lightening

Opossum versus Possum

Defence versus Defense

Brought versus Bought

Aid versus Aide

Has versus Have

How to Quote a Quote

Freshman versus Freshmen

Seen versus Saw

Smelled or Smelt

Sometime versus Some Time

I versus Me

Everything versus Every thing

Whose versus Who’s

Funner versus More Fun

Anymore versus Any more

Whoa versus Woah

Catsup versus Ketchup

Y’all versus Ya’ll

Gage versus Gauge

Whisky versus Whiskey

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The 20 vowels sounds in English with examples

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English Pronunciation Academy

The Basics of English Pronunciation

The 20 vowels sounds in English with examples

Do want to learn more about the american english

sounds? You’ve come to the right place. In this guide, we discuss everything you need to know, starting

with the basics.

Contents

What are vowel sounds?

Categories of the vowel sounds

Why is vowel sounds hard to pronounce?

Short vowels in the IPA

Long vowels in the IPA

Diphthong vowels (double) in the IPA

What are vowel sounds?

English has fifteen vowel sounds represented by the letters a, e, i, o, and u. The letters y, w, and

gh are also commonly used in vowel sound-spellings. Vowel sounds are produced with a relatively open

vocal tract. Consonant sounds, in contrast, are created by pushing air through a small opening in the

vocal tract or by building up air in the vocal tract, then releasing it.

Categories of the vowel sounds

Vowel sounds are divided into the following three categories:

Long vowels (vowels that sound like the letter name)

Short vowels (the most common sound for a single vowel spelling)

Other vowels (the remaining vowel sounds)

The long vowel sounds are not pronounced for longer time than short vowel sounds!

It is important for ESL/ELL/EFL students to realize that the terms "long" and "short" are not

describing the length of time a vowel sound is said.

These archaic terms are still in popular use in American classrooms and online. They are used here to

give a name to a vowel sound so when the sound is discussed, the name and not the sound (which many

beginner students cannot yet hear correctly) is used.

If you are interested in knowing how to pronounce all vowels sound click here

At their simplest, short vowel sounds are usually spelled with a single letter, while long vowel and

other vowel sounds are generally spelled with combinations of letters. This should not be taken as a

strict rule when learning English pronunciation, however, as there are a large number of exceptions.

Why is vowel sounds hard to pronounce?

Many spelling patterns of English pronunciation have the possibility of two or more pronunciations

using that single spelling. For example, the letters 'e-a' have a different pronunciation in the words

team (long e /i/) and dead (short e /ɛ/). It is helpful to learn the common spellings for each vowel

sound along with knowing all the possible pronunciations for each spelling.

The English language also has a large number of words that are not pronounced the way their spelling

suggests. These are called non-phonetic words and must be memorized individually.

What are the English Vowel Sound IPA symbols (International Phonetic Alphabet)? English has 20 vowel

sounds.

Short vowels in the IPA are:

/ɪ/ – fit /fiːt/, pick /piːk/, difficult /ˈdɪ.fɪ.kəlt/

/e/ – pet /pet/, sent /sent/, attention /əˈten.ʃən/

/æ/ – pat /pæt/, flat /flæt/, family /ˈfæ.mə.li/

/ʌ/ – cut /kʌt/ jump /dʒʌmp/, cover /ˈkʌ.vər/

/ʊ/ – put /pʊt/, book /bʊk/, cushion /ˈkʊ.ʃən/

/ɒ/ – pot /pɒt/, dog /dɒg/, hospital /ˈhɒs.pɪ.təl/

/ə/ – about /əˈbaʊt/, system /ˈsɪs.təm/, complete /kəmˈpliːt/.

Long vowels in the IPA are:

/i:/ week /wi:k/, feet /fi:t/, media /ˈmiː.di.jə/

/ɑ:/ hard /ha:/, park /pa:k/, article /ɑː.tɪ.kəl/

/ɔ:/ fork /fɔ:k/, walk /wɔ:k/, August /ɔːˈɡʌst/

/ɜ:/ heard /hɜ:d/, word /wɜ:d/, surface /ˈsɜː.fɪs/

/u:/ boot /bu:t/, group /gru:p/, beautiful /ˈbjuː.tɪ.fəl/

Diphthong vowels (double) in the IPA

are:

/eɪ/ place /pleɪs/, late /leɪt/, dangerous /ˈdeɪn.dʒə.rəs/

/oʊ/ home /hoʊm/, phone /foʊn/, global /ˈɡloʊ.bəl/

/aʊ/ mouse /maʊs/, brown /braʊn/, accountant /əˈkaʊn.t̬ənt/

/ɪə/ clear /klɪə/, fear /fɪə/, career /kəˈrɪə/

/eə/ care /keə/, wear /weə/, declare /dɪˈkleə/

/ɔɪ/ boy /bɔɪ/, toy /tɔɪ/, enjoyable /ɪnˈdʒɔɪ.jə.bəl/

/aɪ/ find /faɪnd/, bite /baɪt/, tiger /ˈtaɪ.ɡə/

/ʊə/ tour /tʊə/, pure /pʊə/, mature /məˈtʃʊə/

How can I improve my English pronunciation for

free?

Being understood requires good pronunciation. Correct word pronunciation requires continual practice

and drills. You must be aware of word pronunciation and how to pronounce words correctly. Any English

student may master excellent pronunciation with some time, persistence, and probably some app

assistance.

For ESL students, pronunciation is a crucial ability to develop. The applications for testing

pronunciation and listening accuracy are listed below.

Do you find it difficult to pronounce English words correctly or to comprehend the phonetic alphabet's

symbols?

The collection of English pronunciation tools of the EnglishPhonetics below is for anyone

learning the language who want to practice their pronunciation at any time or place.

(FREE) English Accent Speaking test with Voice and Video

Take a Pronunciation Test | Fluent American Accent Training

Take the

English Speaking Test practice

The best interactive tool to the IPA chart sounds

Listen to all International Phonetics Alphabet sounds, learn its subtle differences

Listen

to the IPA sounds

American English IPA chart

Listen the American english sounds with the interactive phonics panel

Listen to

the american English IPA sounds

Free English voice accent and pronunciation test

Get a score that informs your speaking skills

Find your

english accent origin and its rate it

To Phonetics Transcription (IPA) and American Pronunciation voice

Online converter of English text to IPA phonetic transcription

Get

the IPA symbols of any English word and hear its pronunciation

Contrasting Sounds or Minimal Pairs Examples

Minimal pairs are an outstanding resource for english learning, linguist and for speech

therapy

Get

for Free The Most Complete List of English Minimal Pairs

English pronunciation checker online

To check your pronunciation. Press the 'Record' button and say the phrase (a text box and

'Record' button). After you have spelled the word correctly, a 'speaking test' for the word

will appear.

Start

the online english voice test

The [MOST] complete Glossary of Linguistic Terms

The meaning of " linguistics " is the science of studying the structure, transition, lineage,

distribution, and interrelationships of human language.

Check

here the basic terms and concepts in linguistic

Ready to improve your english accent?

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Eriberto Do Nascimento

Eriberto Do Nascimento has Ph.D. in Speech Intelligibility and Artificial Intelligence and is

the founder of English Phonetics Academy

The 24 consonant sounds in English

with examples

The Basics of English Pronunciation

The 44 sounds in English with examples

The

20 vowels sounds in English with examples

The 24 consonant sounds in English

with examples

The english stress and intonation patterns

Types of stress and Intonation in

Speaking english

Rhythm in English with examples

Word Stress

Sentence Stress

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What Are Minimal Pairs?

English Pronunciation glossary

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What Are Vowels? Definition and Examples | Grammarly

Vowel - Wikipedia

Vowel - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

VOWEL | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary

What is a Vowel? Definition, Examples of English Vowels - Writing Explained

Vowel Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster

The 20 vowels sounds in English with examples

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VOWEL | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary

What is a Vowel? Definition, Examples of English Vowels - Writing Explained

Vowel Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster

The 20 vowels sounds in English with examples

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